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Natal Study Statements for Natal Delivery to Help Against Fetal Distress.
Adequate hydration is especially important
Fluid balance
Fluid balance is one of the most critical aspects of the care of the severe preeclamptic woman, because of the fluid compartment shifts so common to this disease. Starling's law of the capillary is helpful to remember here: the low oncotic pressure (secondary to heavy proteinuria), and the high hydrostatic pressure (secondary to hypertension), typical of this disease, favor movement of fluid out of the intravascular space, and into the interstitial space. On admission patients are thus typically intravascular volume depleted and hemoconcentrated with poor urine output and exaggerated vasospasm.
Initial hydration
Initial rapid hydration with 1-2 L of crystalloid is usually helpful to reverse those effects and, often of itself, will foster lowering of the blood pressure. However, fluid will continue to leak into the interstitium and predispose the patient to cerebral or pulmonary edema, so cautious fluid administration is in order, usually 100 mL/hour total fluids, enough to maintain urine output at or slightly above 30 mL/hour. Administration of dextrose in water will only increase "third-spacing" and Ringers or saline should be the solution of choice. Administration of colloids would seem to be a logical solution in this setting, but they have not been shown to be superior to crystalloid and are significantly more costly.
Ongoing fluid monitoring
"Compulsive" I&O's are critical! Adequate hydration is especially important prior to administration of parenteral anti-hypertensive agents or regional anesthesia because a sudden drop in vascular resistance without volume expansion is very likely to provoke placental hypoperfusion and resultant fetal distress.
Above text is small clip of document from government site at:
http://www.ihs.gov/MedicalPrograms/MCH/M/HP02.cfm
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